Tube flaring is a mechanical process used to expand the end of a tube or pipe to form a conical shape. This modification allows the tube to fit securely into a threaded fitting, creating a leak-proof and reliable seal. Flaring is commonly used in plumbing, automotive, HVAC, and aerospace applications where robust connections are essential.

The "flange-up" process refers to the assembly and securing of flanges to pipes or equipment, creating a reliable connection in piping systems. Flanges are crucial components in industries like oil and gas, chemical processing, and power generation, ensuring strong, leak-proof, and easy-to-maintain joints.

Tube swaging is a metal-forming process used to reduce or expand the diameter of a tube while maintaining its structural integrity. This process involves compressing the tube’s material using a die or hammering mechanism to achieve the desired shape or dimensions. It is widely utilized in industries such as automotive, aerospace, HVAC, and manufacturing to create connections, transitions, or reinforced ends for tubes.

Tube beading is a process used to create a raised bead or ridge along the length of a tube. This is typically done at one or both ends of a tube to improve the strength, sealability, or fitment with other components. The bead can be used to hold a gasket or to provide a mechanical grip in assembly, ensuring a secure connection. Tube beading is commonly used in industries such as automotive, HVAC, plumbing, and food processing.